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Omniprésente dans le débat public, l’idée de citoyenneté brasse un grand nombre de thèmes différents et parfois contraires. De son côté, le thème de la démocratie suscite à la fois un scepticisme croissant quant à sa capacité à promouvoir le bien commun et de nombreuses questions sur le sens même du terme. En dépit ou à cause de l’association régulière de ces deux termes, démocratie et citoyenneté entretiennent des relations complexes. L’exercice de la citoyenneté représente une dimension importante de la vie démocratique. Selon la manière dont il est défini, il peut lui être aussi un obstacle : la citoyenneté désignant les conditions d’inclusion de l’individu dans la communauté politique, elle peut aussi constituer un facteur d’exclusion. Ce Dossier s’attache à apporter quelques clarifications sur ces deux thématiques et sur leurs relations. Après avoir défini les différentes dimensions de la citoyenneté, il traite des rapports entre citoyenneté et démocratie puis envisage les conditions d’exercice de la citoyenneté démocratique. Il s’intéresse aussi aux lieux physiques et symboliques de la citoyenneté ainsi qu’à quelques enjeux contemporains.

BPB9999 --- Public law. Constitutional law --- Political systems --- BPB1801 --- Démocratie parlementaire --- Citoyenneté --- Philosophie politique --- Démocratie --- Parlementaire democratie --- Burgerschap --- Politieke filosofie --- Democratie --- Democracy --- Citizenship --- Political Systems --- Public policy (Law) --- politikai filozófia --- political philosophy --- poliittinen filosofia --- politische Philosophie --- политическа философия --- politisk filosofi --- filosofia política --- politická filozofie --- politična filozofija --- politinė filosofija --- filosofía política --- politická filozofia --- poliitiline filosoofia --- politieke filosofie --- politička filozofija --- filosofia politica --- filozofia polityczna --- политичка филозофија --- πολιτική φιλοσοφία --- politikas filozofija --- filosofija politika --- filozofi politike --- filozofie politică --- poliitiline teooria --- политичко начело --- teoría política --- parim politik --- politisk princip --- politischer Grundsatz --- political principle --- politický princíp --- politikai elmélet --- théorie politique --- politiskā teorija --- politička teorija --- politische Theorie --- politický princip --- teori politike --- principio político --- politisk teori --- politikos teorija --- politinis principas --- politieke theorie --- politiska principer --- Staatsphilosophie --- politiskais princips --- teorie politică --- политички принцип --- principiu politic --- political theory --- politická teória --- politikai elv --- politická teorie --- principio politico --- teoria política --- principe politique --- πολιτική αρχή --- poliittinen periaate --- poliittinen teoria --- teoria politica --- poliitiline põhimõte --- politikai alapelv --- politiek principe --- princípio político --- političko načelo --- politologie --- πολιτική πρακτική --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- fealsúnacht pholaitiúil --- daonlathas --- Démocratie --- philosophie politique

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Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically opposed to this constitutional ideal. Most democracies in Western Europe are diploma democracies - ruled by those with the highest formal qualifications. Citizens with low or medium educational qualifications currently make up about 70 percent of the electorates, yet they have become virtually absent from almost all political arenas. University graduates have come to dominate all political institutions and venues, from political parties, parliaments and cabinets, to organised interests, deliberative settings, and Internet consultations. This rise of a political meritocracy is part of larger trend. In the information society, educational background, like class or religion, is an important source of social and political divides. Those who are well educated tend to be cosmopolitans, whereas the lesser educated citizens are more likely to be nationalists.This book documents the context, contours, and consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy. It explores the domination of higher educated citizens in political participation, civil society, and political office in Western Europe. It discusses the consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy, such as descriptive deficits, policy incongruences, biased standards, and cynicism and distrust. Also, it looks at ways to remedy, or at least mitigate, some of the negative effects of diploma democracy.

#SBIB:324H50 --- #SBIB:324H41 --- Politieke participatie en legitimiteit (referenda, directe democratie, publieke opinie...) --- Politieke structuren: elite --- Démocratie participative --- Science politique --- BPB1804 --- Démocratie --- Participatieve democratie --- Politieke wetenschap --- Democratie --- Political systems --- Political sociology --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- politikas zinātne --- valtio-oppi --- ciencia política --- политички науки --- politične vede --- scienze politiche --- nauki polityczne --- politológia --- politisk videnskab --- ciência política --- politieke wetenschap --- политичке науке --- političke znanosti --- political science --- politische Wissenschaft --- politologija --- politologie --- shkenca politike --- politoloogia --- πολιτική επιστήμη --- știință politică --- политическа наука --- xjenza politika --- statsvetenskap --- политичка теорија --- Politologie --- statskundskab --- politikatudomány --- politické vědy --- státověda --- Politikwissenschaft --- ştiinţe politice --- politicologie --- statskunskap --- teorie politiky --- politoloģija --- политикологија --- politikos mokslas --- правно-политички науки --- deltagelsesdemokrati --- osallistava demokratia --- partizipative Demokratie --- democrație participativă --- democrazia partecipativa --- participativní demokracie --- συμμετοχική δημοκρατία --- deltagandedemokrati --- osalusdemokraatia --- demokrazija parteċipattiva --- demokraci pjesëmarrëse --- participatieve democratie --- līdzdalības demokrātija --- dalyvaujamoji demokratija --- részvételi demokrácia --- daonlathas rannpháirtíochta --- партиципативна демократија --- партиципативна демокрация --- participatívna demokracia --- democracia participativa --- participatory democracy --- demokracja uczestnicząca --- participativna demokracija --- participative democracy --- δημοκρατική συμμετοχή --- demokratische Partizipation --- demokratisk deltagelse --- demokratická participácia --- demokraatlik osalus --- demokratinis dalyvavimas --- parteċipazzjoni demokratika --- participation démocratique --- uczestnictwo w demokracji --- sudionička demokracija --- participación democrática --- demokratikus részvétel --- osallistuva demokratia --- pjesëmarrje demokratike --- демократско учество --- demokratična udeležba --- demokrātiskā līdzdalība --- democratic participation --- demokratische Mitbestimmung --- participare democratică --- democratische participatie --- demokratiskt deltagande --- participação democrática --- részvételen alapuló demokrácia --- демократско учешће --- demokratická účast --- partecipazione democratica --- учествувачка демократија --- Political culture. --- Merit (Ethics) --- Elite (Social sciences) --- Democracy. --- Political aspects. --- Political activity. --- daonlathas --- eolaíocht pholaitiúil --- Démocratie --- Démocratie participative

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Les citoyens cèdent aux peurs d'une actualité violente, et nos États pèsent de moins en moins face aux puissances financières. L'auteur examine les tensions qui opposent les normes démocratiques à d'autres, légitimes mais parfois concurrentes : cultures, religions, droit, économie. Il faut réinventer des démocraties, seules potentiellement respectueuses la dignité humaine. Au-delà d'une mobilisation des citoyens et de leurs associations, l'enjeu est surtout éducatif et juridique. Il est à long terme, mais que cela doive durer longtemps est une bonne raison pour commencer tout de suite.

BPB9999 --- Philosophie politique --- Science politique --- Démocratie parlementaire --- Démocratie --- BPB1801 --- Politieke filosofie --- Politieke wetenschap --- Parlementaire democratie --- Democratie --- Democracy --- Relativity --- Common sense --- Philosophy --- Régimes représentatifs --- Participation politique --- Political science --- Démocratie. --- Régimes représentatifs. --- Participation politique. --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- politikas zinātne --- valtio-oppi --- ciencia política --- политички науки --- politične vede --- scienze politiche --- nauki polityczne --- politológia --- politisk videnskab --- ciência política --- politieke wetenschap --- политичке науке --- političke znanosti --- political science --- politische Wissenschaft --- politologija --- politologie --- shkenca politike --- politoloogia --- πολιτική επιστήμη --- știință politică --- политическа наука --- xjenza politika --- statsvetenskap --- политичка теорија --- Politologie --- statskundskab --- politikatudomány --- politické vědy --- státověda --- Politikwissenschaft --- ştiinţe politice --- politicologie --- statskunskap --- teorie politiky --- politoloģija --- политикологија --- politikos mokslas --- правно-политички науки --- politikai filozófia --- political philosophy --- poliittinen filosofia --- politische Philosophie --- политическа философия --- politisk filosofi --- filosofia política --- politická filozofie --- politična filozofija --- politinė filosofija --- filosofía política --- politická filozofia --- poliitiline filosoofia --- politieke filosofie --- politička filozofija --- filosofia politica --- filozofia polityczna --- политичка филозофија --- πολιτική φιλοσοφία --- politikas filozofija --- filosofija politika --- filozofi politike --- filozofie politică --- poliitiline teooria --- политичко начело --- teoría política --- parim politik --- politisk princip --- politischer Grundsatz --- political principle --- politický princíp --- politikai elmélet --- théorie politique --- politiskā teorija --- politička teorija --- politische Theorie --- politický princip --- teori politike --- principio político --- politisk teori --- politikos teorija --- politinis principas --- politieke theorie --- politiska principer --- Staatsphilosophie --- politiskais princips --- teorie politică --- политички принцип --- principiu politic --- political theory --- politická teória --- politikai elv --- politická teorie --- principio politico --- teoria política --- principe politique --- πολιτική αρχή --- poliittinen periaate --- poliittinen teoria --- teoria politica --- poliitiline põhimõte --- politikai alapelv --- politiek principe --- princípio político --- političko načelo --- πολιτική πρακτική --- daonlathas --- eolaíocht pholaitiúil --- fealsúnacht pholaitiúil --- Democracy - Philosophy --- Démocratie

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" In The Retreat of Western Liberalism, Luce makes a larger statement about the weakening of western hegemony and the crisis of liberal democracy-of which Donald Trump and his European counterparts are not the cause, but a terrifying symptom. Luce argues that we are on a menacing trajectory brought about by ignorance of what it took to build the West, arrogance towards society's economic losers, and complacency about our system's durability-attitudes that have been emerging since the fall of the Berlin Wall. We cannot move forward without a clear diagnosis of what has gone wrong."--Publishers description.

Liberalism --- Political culture --- Income distribution --- Civilization, Western --- Economic history --- BPB1802 --- Libéralisme économique --- Science politique --- Philosophie politique --- Démocratie --- Libéralisme --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Culture --- Political science --- Liberal egalitarianism --- Liberty --- Social sciences --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics --- liberalizam --- liberalisme --- либерализъм --- liberalizem --- liberalismus --- либерализам --- liberalismi --- φιλελευθερισμός --- liberalism --- liberalizm --- Liberalismus --- liberalismo --- liberalizmus --- liberālisms --- liberalizmas --- Liberaliżmu --- liberalizëm --- neoliberalismo --- neoliberalisme --- neoliberalizam --- neoliberalizëm --- uusliberalismi --- νεοφιλελευθερισμός --- svobodomyslnost --- neoliberalizmas --- ultraliberalismo --- neoliberalizmus --- nyliberalism --- neo-liberalism --- nyliberalisme --- neoliberalismus --- neoliberalism --- uusliberalism --- неолиберализам --- néolibéralisme --- neoliberālisms --- Neoliberalismus --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- politikai filozófia --- political philosophy --- poliittinen filosofia --- politische Philosophie --- политическа философия --- politisk filosofi --- filosofia política --- politická filozofie --- politična filozofija --- politinė filosofija --- filosofía política --- politická filozofia --- poliitiline filosoofia --- politieke filosofie --- politička filozofija --- filosofia politica --- filozofia polityczna --- политичка филозофија --- πολιτική φιλοσοφία --- politikas filozofija --- filosofija politika --- filozofi politike --- filozofie politică --- poliitiline teooria --- политичко начело --- teoría política --- parim politik --- politisk princip --- politischer Grundsatz --- political principle --- politický princíp --- politikai elmélet --- théorie politique --- politiskā teorija --- politička teorija --- politische Theorie --- politický princip --- teori politike --- principio político --- politisk teori --- politikos teorija --- politinis principas --- politieke theorie --- politiska principer --- Staatsphilosophie --- politiskais princips --- teorie politică --- политички принцип --- principiu politic --- political theory --- politická teória --- politikai elv --- politická teorie --- principio politico --- teoria política --- principe politique --- πολιτική αρχή --- poliittinen periaate --- poliittinen teoria --- teoria politica --- poliitiline põhimõte --- politikai alapelv --- politiek principe --- princípio político --- političko načelo --- politologie --- πολιτική πρακτική --- politikas zinātne --- valtio-oppi --- ciencia política --- политички науки --- politične vede --- scienze politiche --- nauki polityczne --- politológia --- politisk videnskab --- ciência política --- politieke wetenschap --- политичке науке --- političke znanosti --- political science --- politische Wissenschaft --- politologija --- shkenca politike --- politoloogia --- πολιτική επιστήμη --- știință politică --- политическа наука --- xjenza politika --- statsvetenskap --- политичка теорија --- Politologie --- statskundskab --- politikatudomány --- politické vědy --- státověda --- Politikwissenschaft --- ştiinţe politice --- politicologie --- statskunskap --- teorie politiky --- politoloģija --- политикологија --- politikos mokslas --- правно-политички науки --- hospodársky liberalizmus --- ekonominis liberalizmas --- liberismo economico --- economisch liberalisme --- икономически либерализъм --- liberaliżmu ekonomiku --- ekonomiskais liberālisms --- gospodarski liberalizem --- hospodářský liberalismus --- gazdasági liberalizmus --- ekonomisk liberalism --- økonomisk liberalisme --- majanduslik liberalism --- liberalismo económico --- taloudellinen liberalismi --- Wirtschaftsliberalismus --- economic liberalism --- liberalizm gospodarczy --- економски либерализам --- liberalism economic --- liberalizëm ekonomik --- οικονομικός φιλελευθερισμός --- ekonomski liberalizam --- gospodarski liberalizam --- liberális gazdaságpolitika --- liberální ekonomie --- слободна конкуренција на пазарот --- neoliberismo economico --- слободни пазарни односи --- ekonomický liberalismus --- volné tržní vztahy --- пазарен либерализам --- либерална економија --- svobodné hospodářství --- liberismo --- Forecasting --- Western countries --- Occident --- West (Western countries) --- Western nations --- Western world --- Developed countries --- Politics and government --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Political systems --- liobrálachas --- daonlathas --- fealsúnacht pholaitiúil --- eolaíocht pholaitiúil --- liobrálachas eacnamaíoch --- Libéralisme --- Libéralisme économique --- Démocratie --- philosophie politique --- science politique

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Elke democratie geeft haar burgers de kans om op geregelde tijdstippen een nieuwe vertegenwoordiging te kiezen. Precies omdat die verkiezingen zo cruciaal zijn, dulden we geen willekeur. Verkiezingen verlopen bijgevolg op basis van strikte regels, vastgelegd in een kieswet, die bepaalt hoeveel zetels er uit te delen zijn, hoeveel kiesdistricten er zijn, hoeveel vrouwen en hoeveel mannen er op de lijsten moeten staan, of je een voorkeurstem mag uitbrengen op dekandidaat van jouw keuze, enz.Wanneer we onze eigen, vertrouwde kiesstelsels voor de verkiezing van de gemeenteraad en van de federale, deelstatelijke en Europese parlementen vergelijken met die van de ons omringende landen, springen heel grote verschillen in het oog.De spelregels van de democratie zijn met andere woorden niet zo absoluut of overal geldend als we op het eerste gezicht zouden denken. Ze blijken ook vaak onderhevig te zijn aan wijzigingen.In dit boek gaan we dieper in op de mechanismes en de effecten van de meest courante kiesstelsels in Europa. En die gevolgen zijn legio: voor het aantal partijen dat zetels in de wacht kan slepen, voor het aantal zetels per partij, voor de stevigheid van de (coalitie)regering en dus voor de positie van de eerste minister, voor de aan- of liever afwezigheid van vrouwelijke politici en gekozenen van allochtone afkomst, voor het profiel van de gekozen politieke elite in het algemeen, en voor de aanleiding tot het presidentieel campagnevoeren.De keuze van het kiesstelsel is met andere woorden niet zo onschuldig als het op het eerste gezicht lijkt. De spelregels van de democratie geven immers vorm en inhoud aan de verschillende politieke systemen in Europa.

Academic collection --- #SBIB:324H42 --- 324 <4> --- 329 <4> --- 329 <4> Politieke partijen. Partijwezen. Partijrecht--Europa --- Politieke partijen. Partijwezen. Partijrecht--Europa --- 324 <4> Verkiezingen --algemeen--Europa --- Verkiezingen --algemeen--Europa --- Politieke structuren: verkiezingen --- BPB9999 --- Parti politique --- Élection parlementaire --- Démocratie --- Royaume-Uni --- France --- Belgique --- Pays-Bas --- Allemagne --- Parlement européen --- BPB1811 --- Politieke partij --- Parlementsverkiezing --- Democratie --- Verenigd Koninkrijk --- Frankrijk --- België --- Nederland --- Duitsland --- Europees Parlement --- Democracy --- Francuska --- Franciaország --- An Fhrainc --- Frankrig --- Franza --- Frankrike --- Francja --- Franța --- Франция --- Francia --- Francúzsko --- Franca --- Francie --- Francija --- Франција --- Γαλλία --- Француска --- Prantsusmaa --- Prancūzija --- França --- Ranska --- Frankreich --- Ranskan tasavalta --- Republica Franceză --- Francúzska republika --- Prancūzijos Respublika --- Republika Franceze --- Република Франција --- République française --- Republiken Frankrike --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- die Französische Republik --- Francuska Republika --- Franse Republiek --- Француска Република --- French Republic --- Francijas Republika --- ir-Repubblika Franċiża --- Republika Francuska --- Den Franske Republik --- Francia Köztársaság --- República Francesa --- Francouzská republika --- Repubblica francese --- Prantsuse Vabariik --- Francoska republika --- Френска република --- Германија --- Германия --- Tyskland --- Deutschland --- Γερμανία --- Nemčija --- Njemačka --- Germania --- An Ghearmáin --- Nemecko --- Niemcy --- Saksa --- Vokietija --- Németország --- il-Ġermanja --- Vācija --- Saksamaa --- Alemanha --- Alemania --- Německo --- Germany --- Gjermania --- Немачка --- spolkové Německo --- Сојузна Република Германија --- Federal Republic of Germany --- West-Duitsland --- Allemagne RF --- Vācijas Federatīvā Republika --- Alemanha do Oeste --- Bondsrepubliek Duitsland --- RFA --- Germania ovest --- NSR --- Germania federale --- RFT --- Alemanha Ocidental --- Västtyskland --- ir-Repubblika Federali tal-Ġermanja --- Repubblica federale di Germania --- RFN --- BR Deutschland --- Vakarų Vokietija --- Germania occidentale --- Németországi Szövetségi Köztársaság --- Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland --- SRN --- Saksamaa Liitvabariik --- západní Německo --- Repubblica federale tedesca --- Alemania Federal --- Ομοσπονδιακή Δημοκρατία της Γερμανίας --- Alemania Occidental --- Förbundsrepubliken Tyskland --- Alemanha RF --- ФРГ --- Republika Federalna Niemiec --- Савезна Република Немачка --- Gjermania Perëndimore --- Saksan liittotasavalta --- German Federal Republic --- Savezna Republika Njemačka --- Vokietijos Federacinė Respublika --- СРН --- PCG --- ΟΔΓ --- SLV --- Alemanha Federal --- Западна Немачка --- Länsi-Saksa --- Spolková republika Nemecko --- FRG --- Duitse Bondsrepubliek --- NSZK --- Westdeutschland --- República Federal de Alemania --- Nemecká spolková republika --- Allemagne de l'Ouest --- Poblacht Chónaidhme na Gearmáine --- Lääne-Saksamaa --- die Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Δυτική Γερμανία --- Alemania RF --- Allemagne fédérale --- Γερμανία ΟΔ --- Německá spolková republika --- VFR --- RFGJ --- República Federal da Alemanha --- západné Nemecko --- West Germany --- Vesttyskland --- Republica Federală Germania --- Федерална република Германия --- Zvezna republika Nemčija --- Západní Berlín --- BRD --- République fédérale d'Allemagne --- Ομοσπονδιακή Γερμανία --- Spolková republika Německo --- Republika Federale e Gjermanisë --- an Ísiltír --- Nederlandene --- die Niederlande --- Alankomaat --- Κάτω Χώρες --- Hollandia --- Nyderlandai --- Paesi Bassi --- Nederländerna --- Nīderlande --- Países Baixos --- Holanda --- Holandsko --- Холандия --- Holandia --- Nizozemska --- Țările de Jos --- Nizozemsko --- Madalmaad --- Netherlands --- l-Olanda --- Холандија --- Países Bajos --- Nyderlandų Karalystė --- Reino dos Países Baixos --- Madalmaade Kuningriik --- Nizozemské království --- Regatul Țărilor de Jos --- Holandské kráľovstvo --- Nizozemí --- Mbretëria e Holandës --- Краљевина Холандија --- Кралство Холандија --- Holandë --- Koninkrijk der Nederlanden --- Holande --- Kongeriget Nederlandene --- Reino de los Países Bajos --- Alankomaiden kuningaskunta --- Hollandi Kuningriik --- Olandija --- Hollande --- Ríocht na hÍsiltíre --- Holland --- Ολλανδία --- Βασίλειο των Κάτω Χωρών --- Holland Királyság --- Hollanti --- Holandija --- Regno dei Paesi Bassi --- Кралство Нидерландия --- Kraljevina Nizozemska --- Kingdom of the Netherlands --- das Königreich der Niederlande --- Konungariket Nederländerna --- Нидерландия --- ir-Renju tal-Olanda --- Olanda --- Nīderlandes Karaliste --- Królestwo Niderlandów --- Royaume des Pays-Bas --- Belgium --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta --- Förenade kungariket --- Ühendkuningriik --- United Kingdom --- Обединетото Кралство --- An Ríocht Aontaithe --- Spojené kráľovstvo --- ir-Renju Unit --- Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο --- Spojené království --- Великобритания --- Velika Britanija i Sjeverna Irska --- Marea Britanie --- Regno Unito --- Mbretëria e Bashkuar --- Уједињено Краљевство --- Apvienotā Karaliste --- Reino Unido --- Egyesült Királyság --- Wielka Brytania --- Det Forenede Kongerige --- Jungtinė Karalystė --- das Vereinigte Königreich --- Združeno kraljestvo --- Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország --- Velká Británie --- Jungtinė Didžiosios Britanijos ir Šiaurės Airijos Karalystė --- Gran Bretagna --- Reino Unido da Grã-Bretanha e Irlanda do Norte --- Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Iso-Britannia --- Storbritannien --- Μεγάλη Βρετανία --- Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske --- Mbretëria e Bashkuar e Britanisë së Madhe dhe Irlandës së Veriut --- das Vereinigte Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland --- Združeno kraljestvo Velika Britanija in Severna Irska --- Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királysága --- Iso-Britannia ja Pohjois-Irlanti --- Ujedinjena Kraljevina --- Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας και της Βορείου Ιρλανδίας --- Zjednoczone Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii Północnej --- Spojené království Velké Británie a Severního Irska --- Nagy-Britannia --- Grã-Bretanha --- Groot-Brittannië --- Gran Bretaña --- Уједињено Краљевство Велике Британије и Северне Ирске --- Обединетото Кралство на Велика Британија и Северна Ирска --- Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei de Nord --- Обединено кралство --- Británie --- Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας και της Βόρειας Ιρλανδίας --- Det Forenede Kongerige Storbritannien og Nordirland --- Großbritannien --- Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord --- Ison-Britannian ja Pohjois-Irlannin yhdistynyt kuningaskunta --- Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord --- Suurbritannia ja Põhja-Iiri Ühendkuningriik --- Spojené kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie a Severného ĺrska --- Обединено кралство Великобритания и Северна Ирландия --- Lielbritānijas un Ziemeļīrijas Apvienotā Karaliste --- Veľká Británia a Severné Írsko --- Förenade konungariket Storbritannien och Nordirland --- Lielbritānija --- Grande-Bretagne --- Velika Britanija --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland --- Marea Britanie și Irlanda de Nord --- Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte --- δημοκρατία --- demokrácia --- demokrātija --- democracia --- demokraatia --- democrazia --- demokracija --- demokratija --- democrație --- democracy --- demokratia --- demokracie --- demokracja --- demokrati --- demokraci --- demokracia --- democratie --- Demokratie --- demokrazija --- демокрация --- демократија --- politický pluralizmus --- pluralizm polityczny --- πολιτικός πλουραλισμός --- folkstyre --- folkestyre --- politiek pluralisme --- politischer Pluralismus --- politiskais plurālisms --- demokrātiska vienlīdzība --- politikai pluralizmus --- égalité démocratique --- politický pluralismus --- ugwaljanza demokratika --- pluraliżmu politiku --- barazi demokratike --- pluralismo político --- politinis pliuralizmas --- politisk jämlikhet --- демократична равнопоставеност --- igualdad democrática --- democratische gelijkheid --- demokratische Gleichheit --- δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα --- demokraattinen yhdenvertaisuus --- poliittinen pluralismi --- demokratična enakost --- democratic equality --- demokratikus egyenlőség --- pluralisme politique --- politisk mångfald --- demokraatlik võrdsus --- igualdade democrática --- politisk pluralism --- ludowładztwo --- политически плурализъм --- politisk pluralisme --- pluralism politic --- pluralismo politico --- pluralizëm politik --- demokratická rovnost --- politički pluralizam --- uguaglianza democratica --- politični pluralizem --- egalitate democratică --- demokratická rovnosť --- political pluralism --- poliitiline pluralism --- demokratinė lygybė --- политички плурализам --- European Parliament --- Evropski parlament --- Evropský parlament --- Euroopa Parlament --- Parlament Europejski --- Europa-Parlamentet --- Európsky parlament --- Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο --- Eiropas Parlaments --- Europäisches Parlament --- Европски парламент --- Euroopan parlamentti --- Parlamento Europeo --- Europski parlament --- il-Parlament Ewropew --- Parlamentul European --- Parlamento Europeu --- Europos Parlamentas --- Europaparlamentet --- Parlamento europeo --- Parlamenti Europian --- Parlaimint na hEorpa --- Európai Parlament --- Европейски парламент --- Europeiska parlamentariska församlingen --- Asamble Parlamentare Europiane --- PE --- EK --- EG Parlement --- Euroopan parlamentaarinen edustajakokous --- Euroopa Ühenduste Assamblee --- Európai Parlamenti Közgyűlés --- EP --- Parlament EG --- EG-Parlament --- Európske parlamentné zhromaždenie --- Forsamlingen --- Parlamento delle Comunità europee --- European Assembly --- Europäische Versammlung --- Eurocámara --- ЕП --- Asamble Europiane --- Ευρωκοινοβούλιο --- Europese vergadering --- Assembleia Parlamentar Europeia --- Parlament ES --- Euroopa Ühenduste Parlamentaarne Assamblee --- Asamblea Parlamentaria Europea --- Assemblea parlamentare europea --- Assemblée européenne --- European Parliamentary Assembly --- Asamblea Europea --- Assembleia Europeia --- Eiropas parlamentārā asambleja --- Europäische Parlamentarische Versammlung --- Versammlung EG --- Europska skupština --- Συνέλευση --- Assemblea europea --- Eiropas Asambleja --- Euroopan edustajakokous --- Assemblée parlementaire européenne --- ευρωπαϊκή κοινοβουλευτική συνέλευση --- Európske zhromaždenie --- Europeiska församlingen --- Adunarea Parlamentară Europeană --- Europos Asamblėja --- Ευρωπαϊκή Συνέλευση --- Europarlamento --- Europos Parlamento Asamblėja --- Európai Közgyűlés --- parliamentary election --- elezzjoni parlamentari --- parlamentsval --- elecciones generales --- βουλευτικές εκλογές --- alegeri parlamentare --- elezioni politiche --- parlamentsvalg --- parlementsverkiezing --- eleição parlamentar --- zgjedhje parlamentare --- parlamentné voľby --- parlamenttivaalit --- parlamenti választás --- parlamentarni izbori --- parlamento rinkimai --- парламентарни избори --- parlamenta vēlēšanas --- parlamendivalimised --- Parlamentswahl --- parlamentní volby --- parlamentarne volitve --- wybory parlamentarne --- elezioni della Camera dei deputati --- elecciones al Senado --- volby do senátu --- senaattorivaalit --- legislatieve verkiezing --- Wahl zur gesetzgebenden Versammlung --- val till senaten --- elecciones al Congreso --- alegeri senatoriale --- wetgevende verkiezing --- élection législative --- eleição legislativa --- szenátorválasztás --- országgyűlési választások --- élection sénatoriale --- valg til lovgivende forsamling --- избори за пратеници во Собранието --- volby do poslanecké sněmovny --- eleição para o Senado --- elecciones al Parlamento nacional --- senátní volby --- általános választások --- senāta vēlēšanas --- законодавни избори --- voľby do senátu --- εκλογές για την ανάδειξη Γερουσίας --- Riigikogu valimised --- Kammerwahl --- Wahl zum Abgeordnetenhaus --- zgjedhje senati --- Bundestagswahl --- senati valimised --- elezioni legislative --- senatorial election --- senatorių rinkimai --- Landtagswahl --- Bürgerschaftswahl --- senátorské volby --- elecciones legislativas --- riksdagsval --- κοινοβουλευτικές εκλογές --- elezioni del Senato --- verkiezing van senatoren --- volby do parlamentu --- Parlament Ewropew --- An Ísiltír --- daonlathas --- toghchán parlaiminte --- kiesstelsel --- valimissüsteem --- választási rendszer --- electoral system --- sistema eleitoral --- volebný systém --- избирателна система --- rinkimų sistema --- system wyborczy --- sistema elettorale --- córas toghcháin --- valsystem --- sistema electoral --- vaalijärjestelmä --- εκλογική διαδικασία --- vēlēšanu sistēma --- Wahlsystem --- système électoral --- изборни систем --- valgsystem --- sistem electoral --- sistem zgjedhor --- sistema elettorali --- volební systém --- izborni sustav --- volilni sistem --- изборен систем --- изборен кодекс --- изборно законодавство --- избирачко тело --- verkiezingssysteem --- изборна комисија --- избирачки одбор --- Parlement européen --- Élection parlementaire --- Démocratie